| Pages sur ce sujet: < [1 2 3 4] | Off topic: 书香世界 - Parfum des livres Auteur du fil: chance (X)
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David Shen 
États-Unis
Local time: 23:43
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| Almost Translated This One | Dec 7, 2006 |
I translated Betty's "Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain" in 1987 and this is a wonderful book for art educators. It is very practical and works wonders to release the potential in each student in an art class who did not believe in him or herself that he or she could draw like an artist. All the trick is in the way that we observe. This ability is best developed before age 12, when the human brain matures. So for those of you who are older than 12 years of age and are trying to catch up on your ability to paint and draw, forget it! You have lost your best time to learn art. Well, let's say you still have a chance, if you buy my book! (Oh, no I mean Dr. Betty Edwards' books.) And for you chance, you will always have chances in the arts, because they seem to be in your heart.
[Edited at 2006-12-08 04:28]
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AUTEUR DU FIL | Very interesting to know these, thanks! | Dec 7, 2006 |
那我就在大陆找这几本书看看，说不定还能找到当年你译的那本。不是想学画画，开开眼界总可以吧。我也得找这几本书的法文版推荐给我女儿，她倒不是想成为画家，而是喜欢艺术创作方面的工作，对她来说应该不算太晚。
David Shen wrote:
I translated Betty's "Drawing on the Right Side of the Brain" in 1987 and Hunan Art Publishers 湖南美术出版社 published the Chinese Version in 1989. My book was sooooo cheap. It was sold only for ￥2.50 each. I mean for a bowl of 兰州拉面 now, you can get two of my books. I only got paid ￥500 for the whole damn thing! No wonder artists and translators starve, and I am both!
http://www.davidshen.my.proz.com/RightSide89.jpg
Well nothing to curse on this wonderful book for art educators. It is very practical and works wonders to release the potential in each student in an art class who did not believe in him or herself that he or she could draw like an artist. All the trick is in the way that we observe. This ability is best developed before age 12, when the human brain matures. So for those of you who are older than 12 years of age and try to catch up on your ability to paint and draw, forget it! You have lost you best time to learn art. Well, let's say you still have a chance, if you buy my book! (Oh, no I mean Dr. Betty Edwards' books.)
When I finally met with Betty at a party in Los Angeles in 1990, she was happy to hear that the Chinese were interested in her books. I was more interested in learning driving at that time than anything else, and I learned driving in Los Angeles, the worst city in the US to learn driving. Still I dare not drive when I go back to China. You need more skill than driving itself.
[Edited at 2006-12-07 06:55]
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AUTEUR DU FIL | Sorry, 刚刚反应过来! | Dec 7, 2006 |
David Shen wrote:
Almost Translated This One
你是指这本书«像藝術家一樣彩色思考»吗？大陆好像还没出版，也还没有法文版，连她以前的那几本也找不到法文版了。你这本大约何时出版？
[Edited at 2006-12-07 17:19]
| | | | David Shen
États-Unis
Local time: 23:43
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| Was I wrong, I am trying to do it right now. | Dec 7, 2006 |
chance wrote:
David Shen wrote:
Almost Translated This One
你是指这本书«像藝術家一樣彩色思考»吗？大陆好像还没出版，也还没有法文版，连她以前的那几本也找不到法文版了。你这本大约何时出版？ [Edited at 2006-12-07 17:19]
Sorry, sorry, by "Almost" I mean I attempted to translate such a nice book, but I did not proceed. There are a lot of good books out there but few want to read.
I am trying to find books that teach people how to make money fast one way or another and hide the money they have made. I am sure such books will sell like hot cakes. The problem is, I can not finish the last chapter, because by the time the translated version goes to the press, I am starved to death.
So I have learned, and am not that attached to art books any more.
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chance (X)
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AUTEUR DU FIL
而且有人要求过翻译一本书的书名，是一位同行和我商量如何译好，我才知道这本书的。我还专门买了这本书来看，只看了一半，就发现不适用于大陆，大陆早走在钱头了
David Shen wrote:
I am trying to find books that teach people how to make money fast one way or another and hide the money they have made. I am sure such books will sell like hot cakes. The problem is, I can not finish the last chapter, because by the time the translated version goes to the press, I am starved to death.
[Edited at 2006-12-08 10:19]
| | | | chance (X)
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AUTEUR DU FIL
以下几段摘自王树增采访录以及部分书摘 ：
“我并不是希望和平年代的人们永远沉浸在那些惨烈的战争中。追求时尚，当超女的粉丝，都是你的生活方式，我也觉得挺有意思。但我希望你不要忘了他们，哪怕在心灵当中留一个小角落，有一点纪念的余地。”
“我曾经很尖锐地批评想在我的文字里寻找内幕的读者，猎奇使人枉读历史。”
“美国时�... See more 以下几段摘自王树增采访录以及部分书摘 ：
“我并不是希望和平年代的人们永远沉浸在那些惨烈的战争中。追求时尚，当超女的粉丝，都是你的生活方式，我也觉得挺有意思。但我希望你不要忘了他们，哪怕在心灵当中留一个小角落，有一点纪念的余地。”
“我曾经很尖锐地批评想在我的文字里寻找内幕的读者，猎奇使人枉读历史。”
“美国时代生活出版公司则把长征与法国大革命、历法、火车、登月等并列为1000年来一百件对人类文明发展产生了巨大影响的事件，“但我们一提起长征，就是‘遵义会议放光芒’，爬雪山、过草地、吃皮带”。
历史认知是否可以如此概念化？我们为什么要回忆一次发生在70年前的红色武装迁徙？王树增想写不一样的《长征》，这个基调几乎从他书稿的开篇就予以了奠定。”
“所有的红军成员，无论是占少数的政治军事精英，还是占多数的赤贫的农民官兵，因为有着共同的信念和理想，他们在精神上是平等的。这种平等是中国共产党人最早的政治追求。所以，没有理由把一个人或一支部队认定为中国革命史上的政治主角——自人类进入有政治纷争的时代以来，所有推进文明的力量从来不是某一个人或某一个群体，而只能是某一种理想或某一种信念。”
谈创作过程：
http://news.sina.com.cn/c/cul/2006-10-25/170611331639.shtml
http://book.sina.com.cn/nzt/his/changzheng/ ▲ Collapse
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AUTEUR DU FIL | 超越思维定式---文化对话的历史机遇 | Feb 17, 2008 |
摘自徐波著«法兰西印象 --- 一个中国外交官眼中的法国» 代跋
……然而我又非常矛盾地发现，全球化时代、数字化通讯并没有消除或减少文化差异，有时沟通还很难，不同的文化之间还缺乏了解，超越思维定式才是人类大交流的前提。
何谓思维定式？那就是从自己的文化背景出发，将自己的行为模式无限延伸到他国的人与事。许多人对何谓思维定式熟视�... See more 摘自徐波著«法兰西印象 --- 一个中国外交官眼中的法国» 代跋
……然而我又非常矛盾地发现，全球化时代、数字化通讯并没有消除或减少文化差异，有时沟通还很难，不同的文化之间还缺乏了解，超越思维定式才是人类大交流的前提。
何谓思维定式？那就是从自己的文化背景出发，将自己的行为模式无限延伸到他国的人与事。许多人对何谓思维定式熟视无睹，因为它已成为其生活的一部分。一位从事文化对话研究的学者警告我说，经济全球化并不能消除不同国家、民族之间的冲突，在防范抱着自身文化不放，排斥外来文化的文化部落主义的同时，也要警惕企图将自己的价值观强加给其他国家和民族的文化霸权主义。我以为所言极是。勇于接受多元文化和外来文化是摆在我们面前的共同任务。有人问过我，你工作中最大的困难是什么？我想这莫过于中外双方的文化差异。站在外事岗位上的我，几乎天天都生活在文化碰撞的旋涡之中，需要用智慧和勇气去解决一个又一个文化冲突问题。在法国那么多年，也有朋友问我对法国社会最深的印象是什么？我的回答是法国文化的包容性。我想，我们开展的对话，前提就是开放和能够吸纳对方的观点……
我把书拼命写完了，但文化对话的快乐乃至苦恼仍是我心中抹不去的记忆。随着国内持续不断的出国热，越来越多年轻人赴法留学，中国与法国，乃至整个世界的距离从来也没有像今天这样近过。记得我们年轻时，走向祖国四面八方是我们的革命胸怀，而现在的青年人视走向世界的四面八方为己任，他们不仅是“哈法族”、“哈德族”，甚至勇敢地站在国家人事部门口排队报考联合国职员，希望有一天到联合国上班。显然，在全球化的今天，我们已没有理由固步自封，没有理由摆弄那种文化的霸权主义或部落主义，在人类这个地球村落里，尽管肤色相异，我们都是这个星球的主人。
真诚地希望更多的年轻朋友关心中法友好，多做中法交流和沟通工作。希望更多的朋友们参与文化对话这个时代赋予我们的任务，因为这不仅是世界上最令人羡慕的事业，也是一项需要几代人持之以恒的工作。我愿以此书与热爱文化对话的读者朋友们共勉，并将此书献给要有志于成为世界公民的青年朋友们。 ▲ Collapse
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'与'三国演义'同时的还有施耐庵的"水浒传".这部小说取材于北宋末年以宋江为首的梁山农民起义的故事,作者在有关"水浒"的话本,杂居和民间传说的基础上进行了再创作.小说描写了许多被压迫者的不同的苦难遭遇,写他们有各自的反抗道路最终都走上了梁山,从而生动的表现了农民战争的发生,发展过程.'逼上梁山'已成为我国人民的一句成语,李逵,武松,林冲等等,几乎是家喻户晓的英雄.'
王永宽等,"祖国",中国青年出版社,北京,1983
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| Ming Dynasty Novels | Apr 2, 2008 |
明代章回长篇小说很多,著名的"三国演义"产生于明朝初年.作者罗观中在史书"三国志"和民间传说的基础上进行创造,描述了自公元一八四年至二八零年间将近一世纪发生的事件,全书一百二十回,七十余万字.小说主要描写了曹操,刘备,孙权三个政治军事集团之间的矛盾斗争,勾画出东汉末年的时代风云,暴露了反动封建统治者的某些罪恶,反映了人民在动乱时代的灾难和痛苦,同时还寄�... See more 明代章回长篇小说很多,著名的"三国演义"产生于明朝初年.作者罗观中在史书"三国志"和民间传说的基础上进行创造,描述了自公元一八四年至二八零年间将近一世纪发生的事件,全书一百二十回,七十余万字.小说主要描写了曹操,刘备,孙权三个政治军事集团之间的矛盾斗争,勾画出东汉末年的时代风云,暴露了反动封建统治者的某些罪恶,反映了人民在动乱时代的灾难和痛苦,同时还寄托了希望国家从分裂走向安定统一的理想."三国演义"对战争场面的描写,对错综复杂的矛盾斗争的叙述,对众多人物的刻画,都达到了较高的艺术水平.
lai an wrote:
'与'三国演义'同时的还有施耐庵的"水浒传".这部小说取材于北宋末年以宋江为首的梁山农民起义的故事,作者在有关"水浒"的话本,杂剧和民间传说的基础上进行了再创作.小说描写了许多被压迫者的不同的苦难遭遇,写他们有各自的反抗道路最终都走上了梁山,从而生动的表现了农民战争的发生,发展过程.'逼上梁山'已成为我国人民的一句成语,李逵,武松,林冲等等,几乎是家喻户晓的英雄.'
继"三国演义","水浒传"之后,著名的长篇小说还有吴承恩的"西游记".这部小说共一百回,其中"大闹天宫"写得惊心动魄而又痛快淋漓,描述孙悟空在去西天取经途中斩妖除魔的神奇故事,一直为人民所传诵,特别得到广大少年儿童的喜爱.
王永宽等,"祖国",中国青年出版社,北京,1983 ▲ Collapse
| | | | | 5 Chinese Love Tragedies/Tales of Virtuous Women | Aug 1, 2009 |
1 Legend from Binglingsi Caves, Lanzhou, Gansu ... at the time that the Western Qin established their capital at Fuhan, Binglingsi was already a large Buddhist shrine. An ancient legend once circulated in this area. A few centuries ago, there was a prince of a certain state who spared no effort to trek here to practice Buddhism. Why did he come from a far away foreign country to a mountain village in Yongjing County? The reason was that he had seen in a dream an eminent monk instructing him to g... See more 1 Legend from Binglingsi Caves, Lanzhou, Gansu ... at the time that the Western Qin established their capital at Fuhan, Binglingsi was already a large Buddhist shrine. An ancient legend once circulated in this area. A few centuries ago, there was a prince of a certain state who spared no effort to trek here to practice Buddhism. Why did he come from a far away foreign country to a mountain village in Yongjing County? The reason was that he had seen in a dream an eminent monk instructing him to go to a place where "red earth covers mountain top, yellow river water backwards flows" to spread Buddhism. And Yongjing County is exactly where the eastward flowing Yellow River suddenly turns west and flows backwards. And here too the mountain tops are monoliths, composed of red sandstone. There was a young girl in the village who, every day, took meals to her old father who was ploughing and weeding in the fields. Every time she passed by, she saw a young man from the Western Regions sitting quietly all day long. She could not help but take pity on him, and so she often kept a little food for him. The girl's good heart touched the monk. In the course of time, the two young people fell in love. Their departure from the classics and rebellion against orthodoxy infuriated Heaven, and consequently, there was a sound as if the heavens had collapsed and the earth had split open, and the two lovers were buried alive under the mountain. After many years had passed, there was a violent earthquake which brought the two of them together back to the surface again. Their corpses were not decayed, their faces were lifelike, and it was a story passed from mouth to mouth with general approval for some time afterwards. The story is bordering on the ridiculous, yet it indirectly tells us that at that time, Binglingsi on the Silk Road thoroughfare really did have the footprints of not a few monks from the Western Regions. (Translated from 'Famous Places and Scenic Spots: Binglingsi Caves' in Duan, Qi & Li eds., Gansu Tourist Guide (1982), China Tourism Publishing House, Beijing)
2 Historical Story from Maijishan Grottoes, Tianshui, Gansu: The Maijishan Grottoes also have many interesting historical stories associated with them. It is said that in Northern and Southern Dynasties times, when the Northern Wei Dynasty of the Xianbei nationality split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei, the first emperor of the Western Wei, Weiwendi, married Yi Fu Shi, and made her Wenhuanghou (Wen Empress). Yi Fu Shi was gentle and quiet and fair to look upon, and also simple and unadorned in her tastes. She liked vegetarian food, and disliked pearls and jewels, silk gauze and damask. She behaved kindly and virtuously, and Wendi quite doted on her. She had twelve children but they all died prematurely in infancy. Only one, the Crown Prince survived. He became prefectural governor of Qinzhou, and was called the Wudu King. Not long after Western Wei's Wendi had established his empire, he wanted to go on campaign to the east against the Eastern Wei. In order to stabilise the Rouran Empire in the North, Weiwendi used the alliance by marriage stratagem and married the Rouran Emperor's eldest daughter, setting her up as Daohou (Dao Empress). He cast off Yi Fu Shi, and had her live in another palace. Yi Fu Shi indignantly shaved her head and became a nun. However, the Daohou still harboured suspicion and jealousy, and Wendi had no option but to have Yi Fu Shi go to Qinzhou and be supported by the Crown Prince, but he secretly sent an order that she should grow her hair long, as if to signify that he remembered the past.
In 504 AD, the Rouran Empire raised an army and came to invade, and when someone said it was because of Wen Huanghou, Wendi sighed regretfully: "How could we send out hundreds of thousands of troops just on account of a woman". Whereupon he parted reluctantly with what he treasured, and sent messengers to Qinzhou to order Yi Fu Shi to take her own life. Wiping away tears, Yi Fu Shi said to the messengers, "So that His Majesty may enjoy long life, and the common folk under heaven have peace and health, I will die without hatred." Soon afterwards, she called in the Crown Prince to bid farewell. Their words were tragic and wretched; all the attendants were choked with tears and none dared to raise their heads to look. Yi Fu Shi went into her bedchamber and smothered herself with the bedclothes. She was only thirty-one. The Crown Prince, "hewed out Maiji Yai as a shrine, interred her there, and called it the Lonely Tomb." Later, when Wendi died, in accordance with his final wishes, Yi Fu Shi was taken from Maijishan and buried together with him at Yongling. Up until today, traces of the grave can still clearly be seen in Maijishan's Cave 43.
(Translated from 'Famous Places and Scenic Spots: Maijishan Grottoes' in Duan, Qi & Li eds., Gansu Tourist Guide (1982), China Tourism Publishing House, Beijing)
3 Tian'e Lake, Weihai, Shandong: Tradition has it that Tian'e Lake was formed from the accumulation of the tears of Qinshihuang's wife (qizi), and that the swans are the incarnation of Qin Qi's spirit. A very long time ago, seeking the elixir of immortality, Qinshihuang came to the Eastern Sea's Sanshen Island to get it, whereupon he deployed troops to guard the sea and build a bridge, and furthermore ordered his wife, when she heard the gong, to deliver food. One day when it was not yet noon, because a dung beetle carelessly flew into the gong making it sound, Qin Qi hurriedly sent the food down. When Qinshihuang saw that his wife had disobeyed orders, he was very angry, and had her put to death. Qin Qi was treated unjustly, her tears became a river, and accumulated as the "Lake of Tears". People thought fondly of her and told each other that Qin Qi's pure spirit had returned to the world, whereupon countless swans floated down from the skies. (Translated from Shandong Tourist Authority, 'Tian'e Lake tourist and vacation area (Rongcheng City)', www.sdta.gov.cn/weihai/jingqu )
4 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Injustice_to_Dou_E
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/窦娥冤 竇娥冤
5 http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/ceramics/audio/willow/index.html
The Story of the Willow Pattern (illustration, audio narration and transcript)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willow_pattern ▲ Collapse
| | | | | | | Yuan playwright, Guan Han Qing | Aug 3, 2009 |
Guan Han Qing, alternative name Yi Zhai, was a native of Dadu (today's Beijing). The period when he was active was three hundred years earlier than the world-famous English dramatist, Shakespeare. He wrote more than sixty plays in his life, in numerical terms, roughly almost twice the number of Shakespeare's dramatic works (Shakespeare wrote thirty-seven plays in all). He not only wrote plays, but could also direct and act. Living among the grass-roots townsfolk masses, he was familiar with the people's hardships, and his works are able to reflect the reality of the times and to expose society's darkness. Guan Han Qing's work occupies an important position in China's theatrical and literary history, and also shines with unquenchable splendour in the treasure-store of world literary art. In the 1950s, Guan Han Qing was ranked a world cultural figure, receiving the respect and admiration of the people of the world.
Guan Han Qing's representative work, "The Wrongs of Dou E ", is a stirring tragedy. The Dou E in the play is from a poor family background. When she was three she lost her mother, when she was seven she became a child-bride, and later on she suffered persecution by the reactionary forces, and was sentenced to death. Dou E, hugely wronged and with nowhere to appeal to, made three vows to Heaven just before her death. Firstly, after she had died her blood would not flow into the ground, but would splash onto the white silk [pennant] of Zhang Er whose place she had taken. Secondly, there would be a heavy snowfall at the June execution ground, and the white snow would bury her body. Thirdly, the local area would have a drought for three years, to let Heaven know the unjust situation in human society. Sure enough, miracles occurred in nature, and Dou E's three vows were all fulfilled. Three years later, she was exonerated. This play, through Dou E's unfortunate experiences, authentically reflects the people's personal experience of suffering, and denounces the evils of feudal society. Furthermore, it utilises the techniques of romanticism, eulogising Dou E's fighting spirit of unwillingness to yield to fate, to express the people's will and ideals.
Apart from "The Wrongs of Dou E", the works of Guan Han Qing which have come down to us also include "Rescue of a Courtesan", "Pavilion above the River", "Feast of a Single Sword", "Honouring-the-Moon Pavilion", and so on. The writer carries his feelings, distinguishing between what to love and what to hate, over into his depictions of all the various characters. Towards court rule and nepotism, corrupt officials, and hooligans and bullies, he angrily exposes their hideous features. And towards the oppressed broad masses of the people, especially towards the grass-roots women, subjected to indignities and impositions, he depicts their kindhearted, fair-minded, brave and resourceful character and morals with deep sympathy, and commends their righteous struggle to resist brute force and fight for freedom. Towards the historical characters loved by the people, he expresses their heroic achievements and bold disposition in a powerful tone. Guan Han Qing's works have a deep affinity with the people. In 1958, Chen Yi's foreword to the "Commemoration of the Seven Hundredth Anniversary of Guan Han Qing's Work in Traditional Opera" noted: "Guan Han Qing was a realist artist and he was a great democratic humanitarian thinker. Because of this he was not a conventional, leisurely realist, but rather, a great realist of thought and ideals. This is worthy of our commemoration and emulation!"
Translated from 'Yuan poetic drama set to music (zaju) and famous world cultural figure, Guan Han Qing' in Wang Yong Kuan et al., Native land, China Youth Press, Beijing, 1983
[ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guan_Hanqing
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/关汉卿 关汉卿
http://www.sinosite.us/05_literature/3_theater.htm Classic Theater ]
[ Yuan poetic drama set to music (zaju) and famous world cultural figure, Guan Han Qing: China's dramatic art has an age-old history. It developed progressively from ancient song and dance, and by the end of the Song and beginning of the Yuan, a relatively standardised form of traditional opera had taken shape - zaju. Yuan zaju (also called Yuan qu ), was the Yuan Dynasty's representative literary form. Its flourishing opened up a new stage in China's traditional opera. The most outstanding writer of Yuan poetic drama set to music was Guan Han Qing. ]
[Edited at 2009-08-03 04:36 GMT]
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| Ming and Qing Fiction | Aug 3, 2009 |
lai an wrote:
明代章回长篇小说很多,著名的"三国演义"产生于明朝初年.作者罗观中在史书"三国志"和民间传说的基础上进行创造,描述了自公元一八四年至二八零年间将近一世纪发生的事件,全书一百二十回,七十余万字.小说主要描写了曹操,刘备,孙权三个政治军事集团之间的矛盾斗争,勾画出东汉末年的时代风云,暴露了反动封建统治者的某些罪恶,反映了人民在动乱时代的灾难和痛苦,同时还寄托了希望国家从分裂走向安定统一的理想."三国演义"对战争场面的描写,对错综复杂的矛盾斗争的叙述,对众多人物的刻画,都达到了较高的艺术水平.
lai an wrote:
'与'三国演义'同时的还有施耐庵的"水浒传".这部小说取材于北宋末年以宋江为首的梁山农民起义的故事,作者在有关"水浒"的话本,杂剧和民间传说的基础上进行了再创作.小说描写了许多被压迫者的不同的苦难遭遇,写他们有各自的反抗道路最终都走上了梁山,从而生动的表现了农民战争的发生,发展过程.'逼上梁山'已成为我国人民的一句成语,李逵,武松,林冲等等,几乎是家喻户晓的英雄.'
继"三国演义","水浒传"之后,著名的长篇小说还有吴承恩的"西游记".这部小说共一百回,其中"大闹天宫"写得惊心动魄而又痛快淋漓,描述孙悟空在去西天取经途中斩妖除魔的神奇故事,一直为人民所传诵,特别得到广大少年儿童的喜爱.
王永宽等,"祖国",中国青年出版社,北京,1983
Ming and Qing Fiction
The history of China's fiction goes back to ancient times. The two dynasties, Ming and Qing, were classical fiction's flourishing period. In this period a large group of works of excellence emerged. These works not only hold an extremely important position in China's literary history, but are also treasures in the treasure-store of world literature.
The representative work of Ming Dynasty baihua short stories (short stories in the vernacular) is "Three Words and Two Strikes". "Three Words", written by Feng Menglong, is the joint name for "Stories to Enlighten the World", (also called "Stories Old and New"), "Stories to Warn the World" and "Stories to Awaken the World" , and comprises 120 works in all. "Two Strikes", written by Ling Mengchu, is the joint name for "Amazing Tales" and "Second Series of Amazing Tales" , and comprises 78 short stories in all. "Three Words and Two Strikes" reflects the social life of the times from many different aspects, it takes romantic love as its major theme, and its depiction of city artisans and all sorts of traders is spectacular. However, the fiction also has mixed in with it some vulgar feudal dross.
There are many Ming Dynasty zhanghui novels (novels with each chapter headed by a couplet giving the gist of its contents); the renowned "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was produced in the early Ming Dynasty. Basing his work on the history "History of the Three Kingdoms " and on popular legend, the writer, Luo Guanzhong, described the events which took place in the close to one hundred years from 184-280AD; the whole book is 120 chapters, 700,000-odd characters. The novel primarily describes the power-struggle between the three politico-military blocs of Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan, brings out the unstable and stormy situation at the end of the Eastern Han, reveals certain evils of the reactionary feudal rulers, reflects the people's misfortune and suffering in a time of turmoil, and at the same time is invested with the hope that the state will go from division towards the ideal of stable unity. In all of portrayal of war scenes, narration of intricate power-struggle, and depiction of numerous characters, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" reached a relatively high artistic level.
At the same time as the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" there was also Shi Nai'an's "Water Margin ". This novel draws its material from the story of the Liangshan Peasant Revolt headed by Song Jiang in the final years of the Northern Song, the author basing his recreation on the relevant "Water Margin" story-telling scripts, zaju operas, and folklore. The novel portrays the different tragic experiences of many of the oppressed, and writes of them all finally arriving at Liangshan by way of their own individual paths of resistance, and then from this, it vividly depicts the process of genesis and development of the peasant war. "To be driven to Liangshan" has become a set-phrase of the Chinese people, and Li Kui, Wu Song, Lin Chong and all the others, are heroes known to practically every household.
Famous novels following on after the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and the "Water Margin" also include Wu Cheng'en's "Journey to the West". This novel has 100 chapters in all, of which "Havoc in Heaven" is written soul-stirringly and with passion and force, it relates the magical story of Sun Wukong's killing demons and monsters on the route to India to find the Scriptures, it has always been on people's lips, and in particular it is beloved by the great mass of children and young teenagers.
The cream of Qing Dynasty fiction was concentrated in the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong reigns ; "Strange Tales of Liaozhai", "Informal History of the Literati" and "A Dream of Red Mansions" were all produced in this period.
Pu Songling's wenyan (classical Chinese) short story collection "Strange Tales of Liaozhai", comprises close on 500 works, the majority of which are romantic love stories. Most of the stories of this type write of love between fox-spirits and humans. They reflect the attempts of the young men and women of the time to break out of the feudal ethical code and their strong desire to pursue freedom of love and marriage, and, furthermore, they create many images of young men and women of fine character and morals. Some of the stories also unmask the corrupt practices of the imperial examination system and the darkness of society, and there are others which embody a certain profound philosophy of life. The "Strange Tales of Liaozhai" have unreal and singular story lines, but they reflect life truthfully. The flower spirits and fox demons, changeable and enigmatic, also have the emotional character of real live people. Of wenyan short stories, it is the most successful work.
The author of the novel "Informal History of the Literati", Wu Jingzi, uses an extremely incisive writing style to bring out the ugly souls of all sorts of characters in the literati and officialdom stratum at the end of feudal society . Furthermore, through the portrayals of these characters, it unmasks the evils of the imperial examination system in feudal society, and the darkness and corrupt moral customs of bureaucrat politics. In depicting the objects of his satire, there is compassion in the writer's ridicule, it is certainly not a simplification, and the satire is always revealed naturally though the plot and the scenes. Because of this, the satire is especially powerful.
The highest point of China's classical fiction is "A Dream of Red Mansions". The novel describes and tells the history of the decline of the Jia family. This big aristocratic family is China's late feudal society in miniature. Jia Baoyu, rebelling against the family, is the artistic type of one who seeks the dimly perceived new life and escapes the feudal trajectory; his body bears on it the marks of the new age replacing the old. Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu's love, built on their common life-ideals, not only contradicts the feudal arranged marriage system, but also clashes with the entire feudal ethical code. Their love tragedy far surpasses any previous works on the same type of theme, and possesses deeper social significance. What "A Dream of Red Mansions" writes about is everyday family life, it is good at describing with exquisite likeness to life, and does not score success through bizarre twists in the story line; it sees depth in the commonplace. As far as portraying character is concerned, it creates images of lifelike characters numbering in the hundreds. It broke through the traditional "happy ending" pattern, enabling realistic art to develop in a new way. The first eighty chapters of "A Dream of Red Mansions" were written by Cao Xueqin, but sadly the manuscripts of the last several dozen chapters that he wrote have not been passed down, and the last forty chapters that we have now were written by Gao E'xu.
After "A Dream of Red Mansions" there is not much praiseworthy fiction, only the late Qing qianze fiction (condemnatory fiction) is slightly distinctive. Taken overall, the achievements of Ming and Qing fiction are enormous, and it laid the foundation for the New Fiction after "May 4".
Translated from Wang Yong Kuan et al., Native land, China Youth Press, Beijing, 1983
【 http://www.sinosite.us/05_literature/1_novels.htm Classical Novels
http://www.proz.com/forum/off_topic/135568-which_witch_is_which.html#1129580 Strange Tales of Liaozhai
http://www.proz.com/forum/chinese/129794-转贴《红楼梦》英译本错误很雷人.html (转贴)《红楼梦》英译本错误很雷人 】
[Edited at 2009-08-03 03:03 GMT]
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