苹果是必备装置？

Windows and Unix

As far as operating systems go, to some it would seem as if UNIX has a clear advantage over Windows. UNIX offers greater flexibility than Windows operating systems; furthermore, it is more stable and it does not crash as much as much as Windows. To some, UNIX is just as easy to use as Windows, offering a GUI interface as well as command line. But there are users out there that believe UNIX is for only for computer gurus only, claiming that the fragmentation of the UNIX GUI is its greatest competitive weakness.

One thing that has been established though, UNIX is quite a bit more reliable than Windows, and less administration and maintenance is needed in maintaining a UNIX system. This is a huge cost saver for any organization. Rather than employing many individuals to maintain a Windows based system, one part-time employee would be needed for the upkeep of a typical size UNIX system. One key difference between UNIX and Windows is the implementation of multiple users on one computer. When a user logs onto a UNIX system, a shell process is started to service their commands. Keeping track of users and their processes, a UNIX operating system is able to keep track of processes and prevent them from interfering with each other. This is extremely beneficial when all the processes run on the server, which demands a greater use of resources - especially with numerous users and sizeable applications.

In summary, the best way to choose between UNIX and Windows is to determine organizational needs. If an organization uses mostly Microsoft products, such as Access, Front Page, or VBScripts, it's probably better to stick with Windows. But, if reliability, universal compatibility, and stability are a concern, UNIX would probably be the way to go.

Here is more input:

• Simply stated, the main difference is Windows uses a GUI (Graphical User Interface) and UNIX does not. In Windows one uses the click of a mouse to execute a command where as in UNIX one must type in a command. There are GUIs that can be used in a UNIX environment though very few UNIX users will stoop that low to use one.) Before there was a Windows environment, DOS (Disk Operating System) was used on PCs. DOS was based on and was similar, but only a poor subset, to the UNIX system.

• Differences between UNIX and WINDOWS: Unix is safe, preventing one program from accessing memory or storage space allocated to another, and enables protection, requiring users to have permission to perform certain functions, i.e. accessing a directory, file, or disk drive. Also, UNIX is more secure than Windows on a network because Windows is more vulnerable than UNIX. For example, if you leave a port open in Windows it can be easily used by a hacker to introduce a virus in your environment.

• Unix is much better at handling multiple tasks for a single user or for multiple users than windows. For each user, Unix in general, and especially Sun's Solaris provides many more utilities for manipulating files and data than windows does. For a corporate environment, Unix ( especially Solaris ) provides much more control for the administrator than windows does. Solaris, for example, enables the administrator to mirror or stripe data across several disks to minimize risk or optimize performance without 3rd party products. In general, for a programmer or for an administrator, Unix provides more power and flexibility than windows. For the less sophisticated user, Windows can often more easily be installed and configured to run on cheaper hardware to run a desired 3rd party product. In short -- Unix is better, Windows is easier for less sophisticated users.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS

iOS is derived from Mac OS X, with which it shares the Darwin foundation, and is therefore a Unix-like operating system by nature.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)

… The goal of the Open Handset Alliance is to develop open standards for mobile devices.[12] On the same day, the Open Handset Alliance also unveiled their first product, Android, a mobile device platform built on the Linux kernel version 2.6.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebOS

HP webOS is a mobile operating system based on a Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which was later acquired by Hewlett-Packard.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlackBerry_OS

BlackBerry OS is a proprietary mobile operating system, developed by Research In Motion for its BlackBerry line of smartphone handheld devices.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Phone_7

Windows Phone is a mobile operating system developed by Microsoft, and is the successor to its Windows Mobile platform,[1] although incompatible with it.[2] Unlike its predecessor, it is primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise market.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_OS

Symbian is a mobile operating system (OS) and computing platform designed for smartphones and currently maintained by Accenture.[4] The Symbian platform is the successor to Symbian OS and Nokia Series 60; unlike Symbian OS, which needed an additional user interface system, Symbian includes a user interface component based on S60 5th Edition. The latest version, Symbian^3, was officially released in Q4 2010, first used in the Nokia N8. In May 2011 an update, Symbian Anna, was officially announced, followed by Symbian Belle in August 2011.[5][6]

Symbian OS was originally developed by Symbian Ltd.[7] It is a descendant of Psion's EPOC and runs exclusively on ARM processors, although an unreleased x86 port existed.

Some estimates indicate that the cumulative number of mobile devices shipped with the Symbian OS up to the end of Q2 2010 is 385 million.[8]

By April 5, 2011, Nokia released Symbian under a new license and converted to a proprietary shared-source model as opposed to an open source project.[2]

On February 11, 2011, Nokia announced that it would migrate away from Symbian to Windows Phone 7.[9] …