Glossary entry

French term or phrase:

château de terre

English translation:

earthworks or earthwork fortifications

Added to glossary by Jocelyne S
Mar 8, 2006 10:19
18 yrs ago
3 viewers *
French term

château de terre

French to English Art/Literary History
In a tourist guide (Isère/Drôme) :

Sur les traces des *châteaux de terre*, des maisons fortes, des hommes avec une lecture du paysage.

I doubt that they're referring to mud castles!
Thanks in advance for your enlightenment,
Jocelyne.

Discussion

French Foodie Mar 8, 2006:
...dans le monde rural, des seigneurs locaux tentent de mettre la main sur quelques parcelles de territoire. Pour asseoir leur pouvoir ils font édifier les premiers châteaux de terre et de bois : les mottes castrales.
French Foodie Mar 8, 2006:
Doesn't provide you with a translation, but this site says that a château de terre is the same thing as a motte castrale (in ref to your previous question)
terrehttp://www.ac-grenoble.fr/vercors/cahier-du-peuil/numero-1/m...

Proposed translations

+4
30 mins
Selected

earthwork fortifications

I don't know a better way of expressing it, though no doubt there is an erudite term for it!

But I just wanted to say that I don't believe this use of 'earth' is anything to do with waht the walls are made of (they would originally have been wooden pallisades, for example), but much more about the type of defences used, e.g. the classic bank-&-ditch layout, as perfected by the Romans.

This fits seamlessly with the idea of the 'motte castrale' --- there was a mound bearing some kind of building, and defensive earthworks all around.



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Note added at 42 mins (2006-03-08 11:01:57 GMT)
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I don't at al dispute the use of mud or cob as a building material! (I'm sitting in a cob house right now, in Normandy!)

All I'm trying to say is that these early forts consisted mainly of earthworks with a wooden fort inside them --- the 'earth and wood' refers to just that, nothing whatever to do with the construction of the walls of the buildings themselves....
Peer comment(s):

agree Pierre POUSSIN : Yes, but I disagree about your explanation. In Quiberon you still find remains of these "earthen works" so called because of the material used.
6 mins
Thanks a lot, Irat! Please could you expand your explanation, I don't understand what the link is with Quiberon...?
agree French Foodie : Exactly what I picture - the earth is in reference to how they dug/shaped defences//I understand, I just couldn't come up with a good term for it like you! :-)
14 mins
Thanks, Mara --- I'm so glad you at least understand what I'm getting at! :-)
agree IC --
1 hr
Merci, ICG !
agree Christopher Crockett : Probably the best solution, for a tourist guide. General enough and we don't want to send hoards of roving tourists to the dictionary to find out what "motte" means.
4 hrs
Thanks, CC! Yes, it's all about "horses for courses", isn't it?
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4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thank you very much to all of you for your suggestions. I'm sorry that I can't split points..."
-1
12 mins

cob castle

"Cob"= "Torchis" which is probbly nearer to the "architecture" of these early "castles"

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Note added at 2006-03-08 10:58:40 (GMT)
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The quote by Mara Bertelsen seems O.K. IMHO!
Peer comment(s):

disagree Tony M : No, it doesn't mean 'terre' in that sense
14 mins
Sorry to disagree with your explanation! It happens! ;-)
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24 mins

wooden castles

It might safe to use 'wooden' although I think depending on the tone of the guide, you could get away with 'mud'. From what I understand, these were essentiantially the first fortifications and were made with wood and soil.
Not sure this helps!
Peer comment(s):

neutral Tony M : It's almost inapt to apply the word 'castle' to these early fortifications, Bourth's 'fort' is more appropriate / Yes, but downright misleading connotation! 'Versailles in mud'?!
7 mins
yes, good comment, and I agree 'earthen fort' is a good choice. On second thought, for a tourist guide, I'd wonder about just keeping the word 'chateau'. Tourists like the idea of visiting a "chateau"
Something went wrong...
27 mins

terracotta/earth castles

good luck

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Note added at 30 mins (2006-03-08 10:49:16 GMT)
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Historic Rammed Earth
Rammed Earth in Spain. I am currently in Spain looking at rammed earth (Tapial) structures in the Murcia, Valencia and Andalucia regions. I will try to keep this section updated as much as possible while I am away. ... at Banos de la Encina, which is a huge rammed earth castle, but isn't open to the public ... section of the quite substantial rammed earth castle. Unfortunately there was no ...www.dur.ac.uk/p.a.jaquin/spain.htm - 59k - Cached - More from this site - Save
Peer comment(s):

neutral Bourth (X) : Like the Alamo! (only "fort" rather than "castle"). I don't think that is meant here.
36 mins
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+3
27 mins

earthen fort

But although the earthen fort here preceded the stone-walled fort, and is usually found to do so elsewhere, an earthen fort is not necessarily an early fort ...
www.curlesnewstead.org.uk/28.htm

"Earthwork fort" might also work.

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Note added at 1 hr (2006-03-08 11:32:36 GMT)
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Further to the debate as to whether these "châteaux" are earthworks or earthen walls, it seems to me that the following quotes suggest it is earthworks (mounds, ditches) and wooden stockades, not earthen walls such as you'll see in Foreign Legion forts in the Sahara, in Mexico, or at the Alamo ...

Le château de terre, classé Monument Historique, se compose d'un ensemble de mottes, de fossés et d'une basse-cour érigés à partir du XIème siècle. […]
La datation du château, grâce aux résultats donnés par les observations dendrochronologiques effectuées sur des pieux appartenant à l'aménagement de ses défenses primitives, est de 1127. L'édification du premier château a utilisé le matériau qu'ils ont trouvé sur place : l'argile.
Cet ouvrage unique dans les Landes et l'Aquitaine a nécessité une main d'œuvre considérable pendant plusieurs années. L'aménagement de la fortification a débuté par le nivellement d'une plate-forme d'environ 4 hectares. Cette enceinte de 800 mètres de périmètre qui clôturait une cour ou "basse-cour" était dotée d'un fossé extérieur sec (FE) suivi, vers l'intérieur, de deux massives levées de terre (LE et LI). Entre ces deux levées talutées, dont on ignore encore le mode de couronnement, s'intercalait un profond fossé intérieur noyé (FI), au profil en V.
Côté Sud, une motte de terre tronconique (M) de 7 mètres de hauteur, totalement isolée de la basse-cour par l'anneau d'eau du fossé intérieur, renforçait le système défensif. Un ouvrage de bois, probablement une tour de 16 m², occupait la plate-forme sommitale de cette motte.
A cette forteresse de terre et de bois, Amanieu VII d'Albret ajouta dans les années 1310-1320 un château de pierre qu'il implanta dans le secteur oriental de la cour et sur la partie contiguë de l'enceinte : la forme des terrassements encore visible, témoigne de l'emplacement de cette construction
(CP), dont la destruction ne s'acheva que vers 1820.
http://www.tourisme-landes.com/Chateau_de_Terre.html

Les premiers châteaux forts sont constitués :
- d'une motte près d'un point d'eau (cône ou ovale)
- d'une 1ère palissade de bois
- d'un fosse avec remblais de terre et haie vive
- d'une 2ème palissade en bois
- d'un 2ème fosse.
Un Château de terre et de bois requiert 8000 arbres.
http://hypo.geneve.ch/www/cliotexte/sites/Histoire/MoyenAge/...

Les vestiges (rempart, fossé, basse- cour...) de ce château de terre et de bois ainsi que l'observation du donjon de Clermont aident à comprendre l'évolution architecturale de ces châteaux dans le contexte politique, économique et social de la féodalité.
http://www.museelacdepaladru.com/fr/animation/scolaire/2005/...

Un grand château de terre et de bois aux environs de l’an mil : la résidence fortifiée de l’archevêque Robert ...
www.cths.fr/FICHES/Fiches_Societes/S_2193.shtm


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Note added at 1 hr (2006-03-08 11:41:44 GMT)
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If you really wanted to show off, you could call it a "rath" (and throw in "bastle house" and a glossary for good measure):

Rath - circular earthwork or fort. Seisiun ...
www.celticnationsworld.com/glossary.htm

Rath: A Chieftain's fort. Si'dhe: Kheltic spirits ...
groups.msn.com/OrderoftheKhelticRose/glossary.msnw

(Rath Bóirne- Burren earth fort) (3 km from Cahermacnaghten, ...
www.bed-breakfast-ennis.com/forts.html

Rath. A early medieval cirular enclosed settlement or earthen ringwork - often a hill fort. The aerial photo shows the Burren ringfort. ...
www.ntsayrshire.org.uk/Glossary/ HistInt-Glossary.php?action=term&data=Rath

Each army sank a royal rath or fortress; that of the Fir Bolg called Rath Crófearta, ... The fort is oval, and measures twenty-two paces across; ...
www.galway.net/galwayguide/ history/wrwilde/chapter8/chapter8.html

If an earthen fort is called a rath, what name is given to a stone fort? Q6. What is the name of the ancient cooking and bathing sites found in the Burren? ...
www.burrenbeo.com/learning-quizzes-overview.aspx

Hill fort - forte risalente di solito all'Età del ferro, formato da una ... Rath o rath - forte circolare con un argine in terra circondato da una palizzata ...
www.fontesarda.it/ire/ind_glit.htm
Peer comment(s):

agree Tony M : Great minds think alike!
3 mins
agree Pierre POUSSIN : Yes, great!
10 mins
agree IC --
2 hrs
Something went wrong...
9 mins

mud castle

Il y a bien eu des châteaux en terre (plus bois + paille + ..)


Architecture
Résumé : A propos des mottes médiévales, châteaux de terre que l'on rencontre au
Xe et XIe siècles. Cote : Périodique. Partie Livre ...
crdp.ac-nancy-metz.fr/cddp57/mediatheque/ biblio/chateaux_forts/architecture.htm - 12k - En cache - Pages similaires

Carnoët - Wikipédia
Elle renfermait en Carnoët,les châteaux de terre de Rospellem, près de la chapelle
Saint Cado, encore utilisée au XVIème siècle, pendant la Ligue, ...
fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnoët - 29k - En cache - Pages similaires

MOTTE CASTRALE MEDIEVALE
10, 14, 112 et 130-1 ; Id., « Parcs et courtils – Observations sur l’environnement des châteaux de terre et de bois en pays de Caux aux XIe et XIIe siècles ...
perso.wanadoo.fr/ chateaux-forts-normands/architecture/seine.html - 13k


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Note added at 42 mins (2006-03-08 11:01:42 GMT)
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***
Il s'agit bien de châteaux en terre en Isère !

activités pédagogiques... "Les premiers châteaux de terre et de bois : mottes castrales et maisons fortes". ... à d'autres lieux régionaux : ceux du Nord-Isère en particulier. ...
www.crdp.ac-grenoble.fr/ doc/activpeda/transdis/chateau.htm - 8k - En cache - Pages similaires


chateauxCHÂTEAUX DE TERRE DE L'AN MIL. Le haut Moyen-Age est une période difficile à ... se retrouvera finalement dans le partage Drôme/Isère à la fin du XVIIIe siècle.
www.pnr-vercors.fr/patrimoine/histoire/chateaux.html - 6k - En cache - Pages similaires


biblio châteauxChâteaux de terre: de la motte à la maison forte., ... Michel, VERDEL, Eric et coll., Les habitats du lac de Paladru (Isère) dans leur environnement, ...
www.unil.ch/chamr/2chaire/biblio_chateaux.html - 52k





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Note added at 1 hr (2006-03-08 11:45:27 GMT)
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to Dusty:
en français de terre ou en terre c'est bonnet blanc et blanc bonnet (comme château "de" sable ou "en" sable)
je m'étonne de te voir si affirmatif sur des châteaux de l'Isère que tu ne connais probablement pas
Peer comment(s):

neutral Tony M : Fair enough, if your châteaux there are special; but what we've all been discussing goes with the 'motte castrale' we had before, and I do know a bit about archaeology!
23 mins
Dusty, j'habite en Isère !!! Il y a bien des châteaux en terre ici ! Et c'est bien leur matériau de construction principal
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+2
39 mins

earthworks

Type into Google 'castles associated vocabulary' and the first thing on the list is 'earthworks chateau de terre'! (French -English translotion glossary

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Note added at 1 hr (2006-03-08 12:14:39 GMT)
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I am a wally! I have got a new tool bar at the top of my screen and the reference I gave you is my own search history!!!! However- this website will confirm what I have suggested):
www.ecastles.co.uk
Peer comment(s):

agree Tony M : Well done Janet!
8 mins
agree IC --
1 hr
Thank you
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3 hrs

motte

the answer is in your ST!
motte (and bailey)
common castle terms. Your seigneur is throwing up mottes with a view to defending his acquisitions.
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