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Translation glossary: Aviation

Creator:
Andrea Moreno
Andrea Moreno
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3-way switchesInterruptores de 3 vías 
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ABSOLUTE ALTITUDEThe measureable height of an aircraft above the actual terrain. 
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ABSOLUTE CEILINGThe maximum altitude above sea level at which an aircraft can maintain level flight under Standard Air conditions. 
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ACCELERATED STALLAny stall made to occur at other than 1g. 
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ACCESSORY GROUPMechanical and electrical units mounted on an engine necessary for its operation, such as starter, magnetos, fuel pumps, etc. 
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ADCOCK RANGENational radio navigation system replaced after World War 2 by the omnirange system. It consisted of segmented quadrants broacasting Morse Code \"A\" (dot-dash) and \"N\" (dash-dot) signals in opposing quadrants so that pilots could orient their position relative to a \"beam\" broadcasting a steady tone, and a Morse Code station identifier. Using a \"build-and-fade\" technique, a pilot could (ideally) pinpoint his location by the strength or weak 
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ADFAutomatic Direction Finding via automated radio. 
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ADIABATIC LAPSE RATEThe rate at which ascending air cools and descending air warms, given no heat is added or taken away. The rate for dry air is based on 5.4° F per 1000\' altitude (1° per 100 meters); saturated rates vary with barometric pressures and temperatures, and must be adjusted for accuracy. 
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ADVERSE YAWYaw generated when the ailerons are used. The lifting wing generates more drag, causing an airplane to yaw toward it. 
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aeronavegabilidadAirworthiness 
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AGLAbove Ground Level, as a measurement of altitude above a specific land mass, and differentiated from MSL. 
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AILERONThe movable areas of a wingform that control or affect the roll of an aircraft by working opposite one another—up-aileron on the right wing and down-aileron on the left wing. French: aileron small wing, diminutive of aile, from Latin: ala, wing. The word \"aisle\" also derives from the same root. (Above pic proves that birds invented ailerons long before man did.) 
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AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)The area of airspace over land or water, extending upward from the surface, within which the ready identification, the location, and the control of aircraft are required in the interest of national security. 
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AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER (ARTCC) or \"CENTER\"A facility established to provide air traffic control service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within controlled airspace and principally during the en route phase of flight. When equipment capabilities and controller workload permit, certain advisory/assistance services may be provided to VFR aircraft. 
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AIR SPEED INDICATORAn instrument or device that measures the air speed of an aircraft through an air mass, but not its ground speed. 
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AIR TAXIAn aircraft operator who conducts operations for hire or compensation in accordance with FAR Part 135 in an aircraft with 30 or fewer passenger seats and a payload capacity of 7,500# or less. An air taxi operates on an on demand basis and does not meet the \"flight scheduled\" qualifications of a commuter. 
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AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC)A service operated by the appropriate authority to promote the safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air traffic. 
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AIRFOILThe shape of any flying surface, but principally a wing, as seen in side-view (\"cross-section\"). Its characteristics are Center of Pressure (CP), DRAG (CD), LIFT (CL), Lift-Drag Ratio (L/D), and Moment (CM). 
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AIRPORT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOWER (ATCT)A terminal facility that uses air/ground communications, visual signaling, and other devices to provide ATC services to aircraft operating in the vicinity of an airport or on the movement area. Authorizes aircraft to land or takeoff at the airport controlled by the tower or to transit the Class D airspace area regardless of flight plan or weather conditions (IFR or VFR). A tower may also provide approach control services (radar or non-radar). 
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ALCLADTrademark name of Alcoa for high-strength sheet aluminum clad with a layer (approximately 5.5% thickness per side) of high-purity aluminum, popularly used in airplane manufacture. 
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Alert AreaAirspace which may contain a high volume of pilot training activities or an unusual type of aerial activity, neither of which is hazardous to aircraft. Alert Areas are depicted on aeronautical charts for the information of non-participating pilots. All activities within an Alert Area are conducted in accordance with Federal Aviation Regulations, and pilots of participating aircraft as well as pilots transiting the area are equally responsible for 
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ALPHABET (PHONETIC)Devised for reasons of clarity in aviation voice radio, this is the current NATO version in global use: ALFA BRAVO CHARLEY DELTA ECHO FOXTROT GOLF 
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ALTIMETERAn adjustable aneroid-barometic cockpit instrument used to measure an aircraft\'s altitude. 
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AMPHIBIAN, AMPHIBIONA SEAPLANE or FLOATPLANE with retractable wheels for use on land, as well. The latter spelling was used in the \'20s and \'30s but has since fallen out of favor. 
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ANGLE OF ATTACKThe acute angle at which a moving airfoil meets the airstream. 
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ANGLE OF INCIDENCEThe angle at which an airfoil is normally fixed in relation to the longitudinal axis of an aircraft. 
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ANHEDRALThe downward angle of a wing in relation to a horizontal cross-section line; aka CATHEDRAL. SEE DIHEDRAL. 
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AOCAircrafts Operator`s Certificate 
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APRONThe hard-surfaced or paved area around a hangar. 
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ARSACONTROLLED AIRSPACE 
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ARTIFICIAL HORIZONA vacuum-powered panel instrument that displays pitch and roll movements about the lateral and longitudinal axes; aka Attitude Indicator. 
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ASPECT RATIOThe ratio of the span to the chord of an airfoil—a high-aspect ratio wing has wide span and narrow chord, and vice-versa. 
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ATACONTROLLED AIRSPACE 
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ATC(1) Aircraft license as Approved Type Certificate, SEE ATC; (2) AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL. 
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Aterrizaje suaveSoft landing 
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ATISAUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE 
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AUTO-ROTATIONAutomatic rotation of rotary blades from a helicopter in an unpowered glide or the forward movement of an autogyro. 
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AUTOGYRO, AUTOGIROAn aircraft, often wingless, with unpowered rotary airfoil blades that auto-rotate and serve as wings as it moves through the air when driven by an engine. The latter spelling is a trademark of the Autogiro Corporation. 
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AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE (ATIS)Continuous broadcast of recorded noncontrol information in selected terminal areas, to improve controller effectiveness and to relieve frequency congestion by automating repetitive transmissions of essential but routine information. 
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BALANCED CONTROL SURFACEA movable control surface, as an aileron or rudder, having an added physical extension or weights forward of the hinge-point to reduce forces on a joystick or yoke. See ELEPHANT EARS (2). 
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Basic principlesFundamentos 
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BERNOULLI EFFECT (or LAW or THEOREM)Since the pressure of a fluid is proportional to its velocity, airflow over the upper surface of an airfoil causes suction [lift] because the airstream has been speeded up in relation to positive pressure of the airflow on the lower surface. 
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BLEED AIRHot air at high pressure, usually from the bypass section of a gas turbine engine, for de-icing, heating, and other uses. 
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BOUNDARY-LAYER CONTROLThe design or control of slotted or perforated wings with suction methods to reduce undesirable aerodynamic effects caused by the boundary layer, that region adjacent to the boundary where shear stresses dominate in the airflow over a wingform. 
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BUMPED COWLINGAn engine fairing, generally circular, with welts or compound shapes in its surface to accommodate cylinder heads. 
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CABANE STRUTWing strut attached to the fuselage. 
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CALIBRATED AIRSPEED (CAS)The indicated air speed of an aircraft, corrected for position and instrument error. CAS is equal to true air speed in standard atmosphere at sea level. Compare INDICATED AIRSPEED and TRUE AIRSPEED. 
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CAMBERThe convex or concave curvature of an airfoil. 
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CANARDAn arrangement in which the horizontal stabilizer and elevators of an aircraft are mounted in front of the main wing(s). 
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CATClear-Air Turbulence. 
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