Translation glossary: Aviation

Creator:

Andrea Moreno

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A mid-wing monoplane with its wing mounted directly to the top of the fuselage without use of CABANE STRUTs.

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A movement of an aircraft in which a relative flow of air moves along the lateral axis, resulting in a sideways movement from a projected flight path, especially a downward slip toward the inside of a banked turn.

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SINK, SINKING SPEED

The speed at which an aircraft loses altitude, especially in a glide in still air under given conditions of equilibrium.

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Too shallow a bank in a turn, causing an aircraft to slide outward from its ideal turing path.

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Movable vanes or auxiliary airfoils, usually set along the leading edge of a wing but able to be lifted away at certain angles of attack.

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Too steep a bank in a turn, causing an aircraft to slide inward from its ideal turing path.

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The flow of air driven backward by a propeller or downward by a rotor.

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A long, narrow, spanwise gap in a wing, usually near the leading edge, to improve airflow at high angles of attack for slower landing speeds.

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A flap that, when depressed, exposes a slot and increases airflow between itself and the rear edge of the wing.

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\"Since Major Overhaul,\" an acronym seen in reference to the operating hours, or time remaining, on an engine.

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SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE (SUA)

Airspace of defined dimensions identified by an area on the surface of the earth wherein activities must be confined because of their nature and/or wherein limitations may be imposed upon aircraft operations that are not a part of those activities:

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A FLAP built into the underside of a wing, as opposed to a Full Flap wherein a whole portion of the trailing edge is used.

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A long, movable, narrow plate along the upper surface of an airplane wing used to reduce lift and increase drag by breaking or spoiling the smoothness of the airflow.

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A short, winglike protuberance on each side of a seaplane to increase lateral stability.

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Special FAA certification enabling \"budget\" pilotry; see LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFT and LSA feature.

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A four-digit number which is dialed into his transponder by a pilot to identify his aircraft to air traffic controllers

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A movable horizontal tail that combines the actions of a stabilizer and elevator, increasing longitudinal stability while creating a pitching moment.

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The fixed part of a horizontal airfoil that controls the pitch of an aircraft; the movable part being the ELEVATOR.

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The relative longitudinal position of the wings on a biplane. Positive Stagger is when the upper wing\'s leading edge is in advance of that of the lower wing [eg: Waco YKS], and vice versa for Negative Stagger [eg: Beechcraft D17].

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(1) Sudden loss of lift when the angle of attack increases to a point where the flow of air breaks away from a wing or airfoil, causing it to drop. (2) A maneuver initiated by the steep raising of an aircraft\'s nose, resulting in a loss of velocity and an abrupt drop.

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STANDARD AIR (Standard Atmosphere)

An arbitrary atmosphere established for calibration of aircraft instruments. Standard Air Density is 29.92 inches of mercury and temperature of 59° F, equivalent to an atmospheric air pressure of 14.7# per square inch.

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STANDARD RATE TURN

A turn in which the heading of an aircraft changes 3° per second, or 360° in two minutes.

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A clip-on wire used to ground an aircraft by drawing off static electricity, a potential fire hazard, during refueling.

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SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE

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Speed of flight at or greater than Mach 1.0; literally, faster than the speed of sound.

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A backward inclination of an airfoil from root to tip in a way that causes the leading edge and often the trailing edge to meet relative wind obliquely, as wingforms that are swept back.

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A wing whose horizontal angle to the fuselage centerline can be adjusted in flight to vary aircraft motion at differing speeds.

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CONVENTIONAL GEAR

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(1) A bituminous material used in paving; a trade name for Tar MacAdam. (2) An airport surface paved with this substance, especially a runway or an APRON at a hangar.

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True Air Speed. Because an air speed indicator indicates true air speed only under standard sea-level conditions, true air speed is usually calculated by adjusting an Indicated Air speed according to temperature, density, and pressure. Compare CALIBRATED AIR SPEED and INDICATED AIR SPEED.

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CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

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TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA (TRSA)

Airspace surrounding designated airports wherein ATC provides radar vectoring, sequencing, and separation on a full-time basis for all IFR and participating VFR aircraft. Service provided at a TRSA is called Stage III Service. TRSAs are depicted on VFR aeronautical charts. Pilot participation is urged but is not mandatory.

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Ground-based, free-rotating, triangular-shaped wind direction indicator, genrally placed near a runway.

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The driving force of a propeller in the line of its shaft or the forward force produced in reaction to the gases expelled rearward from a jet or rocket engine. Opposite of DRAG.

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A twisting, gyroscopic force acting in opposition to an axis of rotation, such as with a turning propeller; aka Torsion.

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Landing practice wherein an aircraft does not make a full stop after a landing, but proceeds immediately to another take-off.

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A propeller mounted in front of its engine, pulling an aircraft through the air, as opposed to a PUSHER configuration.

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The rearmost edge of an AIRFOIL.

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An airborne transmitter that responds to ground-based interrogation signals to provide air traffic controllers with more accurate and reliable position information than would be possible with \"passive\" radar; may also provide air traffic control with an aircraft\'s altitude.

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Nickname for a weight-shift-control aircraft, such as a paraglider.

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A small, auxiliary control surface in the trailing edge of a wingform, adjustable mechanically or by hand, to counteract (\"trim\") aerodynamic forces on the main control surfaces.

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The speed of an aircraft along its flight path, in respect to the body of air (air mass) through which the aircraft is moving. Also see CALIBRATED AIRSPEED, GROUND SPEED, INDICATED AIRSPEED.

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The northern direction of the axis of the Earth; aka \"Map North.\" GEOGRAPHIC NORTH, as opposed to MAGNETIC NORTH.

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An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet operates a turbine that in turn operates the air compressor.

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An aircraft having a jet engine in which the energy of the jet operates a turbine that drives the propeller.

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An aeronautical vehicle operated for sport or recreational purposes which does not require FAA registration, an airworthiness certificate, nor pilot certification. Primarily single-occupant vehicles, although some two-place vehicles are authorized for training purposes. Operation of an ultralight vehicle in certain airspaces requires authorization from ATC.

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UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE

Class G Airspace; airspace not designated as Class A, B, C, D or E.

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The landing gear of a land-based aircraft, including struts, frames, and wheels.

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To land short of a runwway or planned landing spot. Opposite is OVERSHOOT.

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Universal Communication. A common radio frequency (usually 121.0 mHz) used at uncontrolled (non-tower) airports for local pilot communication.

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