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Translation glossary: Aviation

Creator:
Andrea Moreno
Andrea Moreno
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g or GLOAD FACTOR 
English
GAPThe distance between two adjacent wings of a biplane or multiplane. 
English
GCAGround-Controlled Approach; part of ILS. 
English
GENERAL AVIATIONThat portion of civil aviation which encompasses all facets of aviation except air carriers holding a certificate of public convenience and necessity from the Civil Aeronautics Board and large aircraft commercial operators. 
English
GEOGRAPHIC NORTHThe northern axis around which the Earth revolves; aka \"Map North\" and TRUE NORTH. Also see MAGNETIC NORTH, TRUE NORTH. 
English
GLASS COCKPITSaid of an aircraft\'s control cabin which has all-electronic, digital and computer-based, instrumentation. 
English
GLIDE SLOPE(1) The angle between horizontal and the glide path of an aircraft. (2) A tightly-focused radio beam transmitted from the approach end of a runway indicating the minimum approach angle that will clear all obstacles; one component of an instrument landing system (ILS). 
English
GLIDERAn unpowered aircraft capable of maintaining altitude only briefly after release from tow, then gliding to earth. Compare SAILPLANE. 
English
GPSGlobal Positioning System; satellite-based navigation. 
English
GREEN LIGHTApproval for landing. A carryover expression from days when aircraft for the most part had no radios, and communication from a control tower was by means of a light-gun that beamed various green, red, and yellow signals to pilots in the air and on the ground. 
English
GROSS WEIGHTThe total weight of an aircraft when fully loaded; aka Takeoff Weight. 
English
GROUND CONTROLTower control, by radioed instructions from air traffic control, of aircraft ground movements at an airport. 
English
GROUND CUSHIONGROUND EFFECT 
English
GROUND EFFECTIncreased lift generated by the interaction between a lift system and the ground when an aircraft is within a wingspan distance above the ground. It affects a low-winged aircraft more than a mid- or high-winged aircraft because its wings are closer to the ground; aka GROUND CUSHION. 
English
GROUND SPEEDThe actual speed that an aircraft travels over the ground—its \"shadow speed\"; it combines the aircraft\'s AIR SPEED and the wind speed relative to the aircraft\'s direction of flight. 
English
GULL-WINGDescriptive of wing in frontal view bent as the wing of a seagull; a distinctive shallow, inverted \"V\" shape—see Stinson SR-7 or inverted gull-wing Vought F4U. 
English
GYROPLANEA rotorcraft whose rotors are not engine-driven, except for initial starting, but are made to rotate by action of the air when the rotorcraft is moving and whose means of propulsion, usually a conventional propeller, is independent of the rotor system. Similar to AUTOGYRO. 
English
HANGARAn enclosed structure for housing aircraft. Originated with lake-based floating homes of the original German Zeppelins in which they were \"hung\" from cables, which explains the erroneous, oft-seen spelling of \"hanger.\" French: shed, outbuilding, from Latin: angarium,shed. 
English
HELICOPTERA wingless aircraft acquiring its lift from revolving blades driven by an engine about a near-vertical axis. A ROTORCRAFT acquiring its primary motion from engine-driven rotors that accelerate the air downward, providing a reactive lift force, or accelerate the air at an angle to the vertical, providing lift and thrust. 
English
HIGH BLOWERA blower-type supercharger set at high rpm. 
English
HIGH-SPEED STALLAny stall made to occur at more than 1g, such as pulling out of a dive or while turning. 
English
Hora BloqueBlock of Hours 
Spanish to English
HORSEPOWERThe motive energy required to raise 550# one foot in one second, friction disregarded. 
English
HYPERSONICSpeed of flight at or greater than Mach 5.0, exceeding SUPERSONIC. 
English
IFRInstrument Flight Rules, governing flight under instrument meteorological conditions. 
English
ILSInstrument Landing System. A radar-based system allowing ILS-equipped aircraft to find a runway and land when clouds may be as low as 200 feet (or lower for special circumstances). 
English
INDICATED AIRSPEED (IAS)A direct instrument reading obtained from an air speed indicator uncorrected for altitude, temperature, atmospheric density, or instrument error. Compare CALIBRATED AIRSPEED and TRUE AIRSPEED. 
English
INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (IMC)Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than minima specified for visual meteorological conditions (VMC). 
English
IRON COMPASSRailroad tracks, as favored by pilots of yore as a dependable aid to surface navigation. 
English
JOYSTICKA single floor- or roof-mounted control stick—sideways movement produces ROLL, and forward/backward movement produces PITCH (rudder pedals produce YAW). 
English
KNOTOne nautical mile, about 1.15 statute miles (6,080\'); eg: 125kts = 143.9mph. 
English
LAMINAR-FLOW AIRFOILA low-drag airfoil designed to maintain laminar flow over a high percentage of the chord about itself. Often relatively thin, especially along the leading edge, with most of its bulk near the center of the chord. 
English
LANDING WIRESInterplane bracing wires that help support wingloads when the plane is on the ground. Direction of travel is downward and outward from the fuselage. Opposite of FLYING WIRES. 
English
LegTramo 
English to Spanish
LIFTThe force exerted on the top of a moving airfoil as a low-pressure area that causes a wingform to rise. 
English
LIFT WIRESInterplane bracing wires that help support wingloads when the plane is in flight. Direction of travel is upward from the bottom of the fuselage to the top of the interplane struts. Also known as FLYING WIRES, the opposite of LANDING WIRES. 
English
LIFT-DRAG RATIOThe lift coefficient of a wing divided by the drag coefficient, as the primary measure of the efficiency of an aircraft; aka L/D Ratio. 
English
LIGHT SPORT AIRCRAFTSpecial FAA certification class (LSA) for an aircraft other than a helicopter or powered-lift—single-engine aircraft, airship, balloon, GLIDER, GYROCOPTER, ROTORCRAFT, weight-shift-control aircraft. While limiting the types of aircraft that could be flown by a Sport Pilot, it simplified requirements for a obtaining a pilot license and did not require a medical examination. SEE LSA feature. 
English
LIQUID COMPASSA non-electronic, calibratable compass floating in a liquid as a panel instrument; aka Wet Compass. 
English
LOAD FACTOR (g)The proportion between lift and weight commonly seen as g (sometimes capitalized)—a unit of force equal to the force of gravity times one. 
English
LOFTINGDesign or fabrication of a complex aircraft component, as with sheet metal, using actual-size patterns or plans, generally laid out on a floor. The term is borrowed from boat builders. 
English
LoICarta de intenciones 
Spanish to English
LONGERONA principal longitudinal member of a fuselage\'s framing, usually continuous across a number of supporting points. 
English
LOOP ANTENNAA circular radio antenna, either in the open or in a streamlined, teardrop housing, remotely turned 360° to fine-tune a station in league with other radio-directive devices. See also RADIO COMPASS, RADIO DIRECTION FINDER. 
English
LORANLong Range Navigation system, which utilizes timing differences between multiple low-frequency transmissions to provide accurate latitude/longitude position information to within 50\'. 
English
LTALighter-than-air craft, generally referring to powered blimps and dirigibles, but often also includes free balloons. 
English
LUNKENHEIMER VALVEA manual fuel drain placed handily along a fuel line for checking avgas, such as for water or sediment contaminations. 
English
Mach or m.A number representing the ratio of the speed of an object to the speed of sound in the surrounding air or medium in which it is moving. 
English
MAGNETIC COMPASSThe most common liquid-type compass, capable of calibration to compensate for magnetic influences within the aircraft. 
English
MAGNETIC COURSECOMPASS COURSE ± deviation. 
English
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