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Translation glossary: Chemitry II

Creator:
Laerte da Silva
Laerte da Silva
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smokeless fuela fuel which has been subjected to partial pyrolysis, such that there is no more loose particulate matter remaining. Example: Coke is a smokeless fuel 
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solid/solid phasea rigid form of matter which maintains its shape, whatever its container. 
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solubilitya measure of the maximum amount of a substance that can be contained in a solvent. 
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solublereadily dissolvable in a solvent. 
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SoluteSubstance dissolved in a solution. See also \"solution\", \"solvent\", etc. 
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solutea substance that has dissolved. Example: sodium chloride in water. 
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SolutionOne substance being evenly distributed throughout another. See also \"solute\", \"solvent\", etc. 
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solutiona mixture of a liquid (the solvent) and at least one other substance of lesser abundance (the solute). Mixtures can be separated by physical means, fo 
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Solvation energyChange in energy when a susbstance is dissolved. See also \"solution\", \"solvent\", etc. 
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SolventSubstance in which something is dissolved. See also \"solution\", \"solute\", etc. 
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solventthe main substance in a solution. 
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specific heatThe amount of heat it takes for a substance to be raised one degree C. 
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Spin Quantum NumberHas values of +1/2 or -1/2, also called \"up\" and \"down\" or \"alpha\" and \"beta\" spin. Serves to differentiate between two electrons in the same 
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Split valence basis setBasis set which uses several wavefunctions to represent different valences. Denoted by a star at the end of name. See also \"basis set\", \"valence\" 
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spontaneous reactionA reaction that will proceed without any outside energy. 
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state propertyA state property is a quantity that is independent of how the substance was prepared. Examples of state properties are altitude, pressure, volume, tem 
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states of matterSolid, liquid, gas and plasma. Plasma is a \"soup\" of diassociated nuclei and electrons, normally found only in stellar objects. 
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STOSlater Type Orbital: Orbital using Slater renormalization factor to approximate wavefunction. See also \"orbital\", \"wavefunction\" 
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stoichiometryThe study of the relationships between amounts of products and reactants. 
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STPStandard temperature and pressure. This is 0oC and 1 atm. 
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Strong acid/baseAcid or base which dissociates completely in water. Has a low pKa or pKb. Symmetry, Point-Group Symmetry Properties of a molecule describing how it ca 
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sublevelOne part of a level, each of which can hold different numbers of electrons. T 
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termEach compound or element in a chemical equation. 
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thermodynamicsThe study of heat and energy flow in chemical reactions. 
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titrationReacting a solution of unknown concentration with a solution of a known concentration for the purpose of finding out more about the unknown solution. 
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Transition statetransition structure Molecule or group of molecules formed during a reaction. Unstable, containing weak bonds and having high energy. Requires energy 
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Triple bondThree shared electrons 
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Unfilled valenceValence which has no electrons in it. See also "valence" V 
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ValenceOne level of an orbital 
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Valence electronsThe outermost electrons in an atom 
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valence electronsThe electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. 
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Valence orbitalThe outermost orbital containing electrons in an atom W 
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van der Waals equationAn equation for non-ideal gasses that accounts for intermolecular attraction and the volumes occupied by the gas molecules. 
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velocitySpeed of an object; the change in position over time. 
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volumeMeasures the size of an object using length measurements in three dimensions. W 
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waveA signal which propagates through space, much like a water wave moves through water. 
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WavefunctionComplex mathematical representation of a particle, in compchem, probably an electron. 
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wavelengthOn a periodic curve, the length between two consecutive troughs (low points) or peaks (high points). 
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weak acidSubstances capable of donating hydrogen but do not completely ionize in solution. 
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weak basesSubstances capable of accepting hydrogen but do not completely ionize in solution. 
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workExpression of the movement of an object against some force. 
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