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din engleză în olandeză: Quantitive psychology - Methodology Detailed field: Psihologie
Text sursă - engleză The Earth Is Round (p < .05)
After 4 decades of severe criticism, the ritual of null hypothesis significance testing—mechanical dichotomous decisions around a sacred .05 criterion—still persists. This article reviews the problems with this practice, including its near-universal misinterpretation of p as the probability that Ho is false, the misinterpretation that its complement is the probability of successful replication, and the mistaken assumption that if one rejects Ho one thereby affirms the theory that led to the test. Exploratory data analysis and the use of graphic methods, a steady improvement in and a movement toward standardization in measurement, an emphasis on estimating effect sizes using confidence intervals, and the informed use of available statistical methods is suggested. For generalization, psychologists must finally rely, as has been done in all the older sciences, on replication.
Abstract from Cohen, J. (1994). The Earth is Round (p < .05). American Psychologist, 49(12), 997-1003. Download http://www.psych.yorku.ca/sp/Amer%20Psychologist%201994%20Cohen%20Earth%20is%20Round.pdf
Traducere - olandeză De Aarde is Rond (p < .05)
Na 4 decennia van ernstige kritiek op het werktuiglijk nemen van dichotome beslissingen rondom een heilig .05-criterium houdt het ritueel van de nulhypothesetoetsing nog steeds stand. In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van de problemen met deze manier van werken, inclusief de vrijwel universele, maar onjuiste interpretatie van p als de kans dat H0 vals is, de onjuiste interpretatie dat het complement van p de kans op een succesvolle replicatie zou zijn, en de verkeerde veronderstelling dat het verwerpen van H0 een bevestiging zou inhouden van de theorie die tot de toets heeft geleid. Als alternatief worden exploratorische data-analyse en toepassing van grafische methoden, een gestage verbetering van en evolutie naar gestandaardiseerd meten, nadruk op het schatten van effectgroottes door middel van betrouwbaarheidsintervallen, en een kundig gebruik van beschikbare statistische methoden aangeraden. Voor generalisatie moeten psychologen zich, finaal en zoals dat binnen alle reeds langer bestaande wetenschappen is gedaan, baseren op replicatie.
Samenvatting van Cohen, J. (1994). The Earth is Round (p < .05). American Psychologist, 49(12), 997-1003. Download http://www.psych.yorku.ca/sp/Amer%20Psychologist%201994%20Cohen%20Earth%20is%20Round.pdf
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