Working languages:
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Panagiotis Iatridis
English-Greek Translation

Athens, Attiki, Greece

Native in: Greek (Variant: Modern) Native in Greek
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Portfolio Sample translations submitted: 1
English to Greek: Amino acids
General field: Medical
Source text - English
Amino acids


The branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) are leucine, valine and isoleucine. A multi-million dollar industry of nutritional supplements has grown around the concept that dietary supplements of BCAAs alone produce an anabolic response in humans driven by a stimulation of muscle protein synthesis. In this brief review the theoretical and empirical bases for that claim are discussed. Theoretically, the maximal stimulation of muscle protein synthesis in the post-absorptive state in response to BCAAs alone is the difference between muscle protein breakdown and muscle protein synthesis (about 30% greater than synthesis), because the other EAAs required for synthesis of new protein can only be derived from muscle protein breakdown. Realistically, a maximal increase in muscle protein synthesis of 30% is an over-estimate because the obligatory oxidation of EAAs can never be completely suppressed. An extensive search of the literature has revealed no studies in human subjects in which the response of muscle protein synthesis to orally-ingested BCAAs alone was quantified, and only two studies in which the effect of intravenously infused BCAAs alone was assessed. Both of these intravenous infusion studies found that BCAAs decreased muscle protein synthesis as well as protein breakdown, meaning a decrease in muscle protein turnover. The catabolic state in which the rate of muscle protein breakdown exceeded the rate of muscle protein synthesis persisted during BCAA infusion. We conclude that the claim that consumption of dietary BCAAs stimulates muscle protein synthesis or produces an anabolic response in human subjects is unwarranted.
There are a total of twenty amino acids that comprise muscle protein. Nine of the twenty are considered essential amino acids (EAAs), meaning they cannot be produced by the body in physiologically significant amounts, and therefore are crucial components of a balanced diet. Muscle protein is in a constant state of turnover, meaning that protein synthesis is occurring continuously to replace protein lost as a consequence of protein breakdown. For synthesis of new muscle protein, all the EAAs, along with the eleven non-essential amino acids (NEAAs) that can be produced in the body, must be present in adequate amounts. The branched-chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine and valine are three of the nine EAAs. Leucine is not only a precursor for muscle protein synthesis, but also may play a role as a regulator of intracellular signaling pathways that are involved in the process of protein synthesis.


Translation - Greek
Αμινοξέα


Τα αμινοξέα διακλαδισμένης αλύσου (BCAAs) είναι η λευκίνη, η βαλίνη και η ισολευκίνη. Μία βιομηχανία πολλών εκατομμυρίων δολαρίων έχει αναπτυχθεί γύρω από την ιδέα ότι τα συμπληρώματα διατροφής BCAA από μόνα τους παράγουν μία αναβολική απόκριση στους ανθρώπους η οποία πηγάζει από μία διέγερση της σύνθεσης μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης. Σε αυτη τη σύντομη αναφορά εξετάζονται οι θεωρητικές και εμπειρικές βάσεις αυτού του ισχυρισμού. Θεωρητικά, η μέγιστη διέγερση της σύνθεσης μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης στη μετα-απορροφητική κατάσταση λόγω των BCAAs μόνο, είναι η διαφορά μεταξύ της διάσπασης μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης και της σύνθεσης μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης (περίπου 30% υψηλότερη από τη σύνθεση), επειδή τα άλλα EAAs που απαιτούνται για τη σύνθεση νέας πρωτεΐνης μπόρουν να προκύψουν μόνο από τη διάσπαση μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης. Ρεαλιστικά, μία μέγιστη αύξηση της σύνθεσης μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης της τάξεως των 30% αποτελεί υπερεκτίμηση καθώς η υποχρεωτική οξείδωση των EAAs δεν μπορεί ποτέ να κατασταλλεί ολοκληρωτικά. Μία εκτεταμένη αναζήτηση της βιβλιογραφίας έχει αποκαλύψει ότι δεν υπάρχει καμία μελέτη στις ιατρικές έρευνες σε ανθρώπους στην οποία να έχει ποσοτικοποιηθεί η απόκριση σύνθεσης μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης μόνο από την πρόσληψη BCAAs, ενώ υπάρχουν μόνο δύο μελέτες στις οποίες έχει αξιολογηθεί η επίδραση της ενδοφλέβια έγχυσης BCAAs. Και οι δύο μελέτες της ενδοφλέβιας έγχυσης διαπίστωσαν ότι τα BCAAs μείωναν την σύνθεση μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης καθώς και τη διάσπαση πρωτεΐνης, που σημαίνει μια μείωση στον κύκλο εργασιών μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης. Η καταβολική κατάσταση στην οποία ο ρυθμός διάσπασης της μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης υπερέβαινε του ρυθμού σύνθεσης της μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης επέμενε κατά την διάρκεια της έγχυσης των BCAAs. Συμπεραίνουμε ότι ο ισχυρισμός πως η κατανάλωση διαιτητικών BCAAs παρακινεί τη σύνθεση μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης ή παράγει μια αναβολική απόκριση στους ανθρώπους είναι ανεγγύητος.
Υπάρχει ένα σύνολο από είκοσι αμινοξέα που συνιστούν την μυϊκή πρωτεΐνη. Εννέα από τα είκοσι θεωρούνται απαραίτητα αμινοξέα (EAAs), που σημαίνει ότι δεν μπορούν να παραχθούν από το σώμα σε σημαντικές ποσότητες από άποψη φυσιολογίας, και γι’ αυτό αποτελούν σημαντικά συστατικά μιας ισορροπημένης δίαιτας. Η μυϊκή πρωτεΐνη βρίσκεται σε μία συνεχή κατάσταση κύκλου εργασιών, που σημαίνει ότι η σύνθεση πρωτεΐνης συμβαίνει συνεχώς ώστε να αντικαθιστά την πρωτεΐνη που χάνεται ως συνέπεια της διάσπασης πρωτεΐνης. Για την σύνθεση νέας μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης, όλα τα EAAs, μαζί με τα έντεκα μη απαραίτητα αμινοξέα (NEAAs) τα οποία μπορούν να παραχθούν στο σώμα, πρέπει να είναι παρόντα σε επαρκείς ποσότητες. Τα αμινοξέα διακλαδισμένης αλύσου λευκίνη, ισολευκίνη και βαλίνη είναι τρία από τα εννέα EAAs. Η λευκίνη δεν είναι μόνο ένας πρόδρομος για την σύνθεση μυϊκής πρωτεΐνης, αλλά μπορεί επίσης να παίξει ρόλο ως ρυθμιστής των ενδοκυτταρικών οδών σηματοδότησης που εμπλέκονται στην διαδικασία πρωτεϊνικής σύνθεσης.




Experience Years of experience: 7. Registered at ProZ.com: Jul 2021.
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Credentials English (Cambridge University (ESOL Examinations))
English (HAU)
English to Greek (Cambridge University (ESOL Examinations))
Greek to English (Cambridge University (ESOL Examinations))
Greek to English (HAU)


Memberships N/A
Software Adobe Acrobat, Alchemy Publisher, AutoCAD, IBM CAT tool, memoQ, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Office Pro, Microsoft Word, Subtitle Edit, Trados Studio
Website https://www.upwork.com/freelancers/~0150668d2406acb3f5
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Bio
Are you in search of an experienced English-Greek Translator or a specialist in Proofreading? Say no more! Just spend a few minutes reading my Upwork Profile and find out why I am your ideal choice!

My name is Panagiotis and I am a native Greek Translator and Proofreader with years of experience in text and document Translation from English to Greek and vice versa, Proofreading and Editing. As a native Greek, I have excellent command of my native language, while I am also fluent in English, having both a Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) and a Michigan Certificate of Proficiency in English (ECPE) in my possession. I am also familiar with using CAT Tools, like SDL Trados Studio, to assist me in my projects.

I have been working as a Freelance Translator/Proofreader for the past five years specializing in Medical, Legal, Literature, Technological and Scientific Text Translation and Proofreading, as well as Subtitle Creation, Translation and Proofreading. During these years, I have had the opportunity to work in various projects and I have learned many valuable lessons that helped me shape my professional character. It is all these lessons that helped me understand that for a translation to be accurate, the translator has to be able to fully understand the meaning behind the texts he is working on and not just transfer words from one language to another.

I consider it my top priority to deliver the best results for every project I take on. For that reason, I place emphasis on accuracy, readability, functionality and terminological consistency. I also find quality assurance necessary, so I always edit and proofread the final text before presenting it to the client. Overall, I see myself as a hard worker who follows strictly the given deadlines and treats every client and project with utmost commitment and attention!

I promise you that choosing me for your assignment will be a win for both of us! You will get the results that you are looking for and I will get to further develop my skills in the process. Besides, here in Greece we have a saying:
"Όσο ζεις μαθαίνεις" which translates to... "Live and learn"!
Please feel free to contact me and you will not regret it!
Keywords: Translation English-Greek, Translation Greek-English, English, Greek, Proofreading, Transcription, Localization, Website Localization, Software Localization, SDL Trados Studio. See more.Translation English-Greek, Translation Greek-English, English, Greek, Proofreading, Transcription, Localization, Website Localization, Software Localization, SDL Trados Studio, Office, Google. See less.


Profile last updated
Nov 30, 2021



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