Ms. James obtained a degree in French and Russian at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, London and King's College London. Since then, she has lived in France where she teaches EFL (English as a Foreign Langauge) at the Universit d'Auvergne, IUT and does part-time English proofreading and translation for a research team.
Ms. James is also currently doing Translation Studies (MA) at Birmingham University (CELS), UK, as a distance learner.
Introduction Translation is a kind of activity which inevitably involves at least two languages and two cultural traditions." (Toury 1978:200). As this statement implies, translators are permanently faced with the problem of how to treat the cultural aspects implicit in a source text (ST) and of finding the most appropriate technique of successfully conveying these aspects in the target language ( ...